Pat the chicken dry with a paper towel. Set aside.
Heat a large sauté pan with a lid over medium-high heat.
Add the lemon slices and cook until caramelized, about 3 minutes. Remove and reserve.
Add 1 Tablespoon olive oil to the pan. When shimmering, add chicken skin-side down. Cook for 3-5 minutes until browned, then turn and cook the other side. Remove and set aside.
Add the remaining olive oil and onions; cook until soft and translucent, about 7 minutes.
Add garlic, ginger, paprika, cumin, turmeric, cinnamon, and white pepper. Stir for about 1 minute.
Add saffron water and water, scraping up any brown bits from the pan.
Return chicken to the pan, bring to a boil, then cover and simmer for 15 minutes.
Check for doneness, then add olives, preserved lemon, and lemon juice. Stir to combine.
Serve over couscous or rice, garnished with caramelized lemon slices and fresh parsley.