Preheat your grill to medium-high temperature (around 375°F). Place a Dutch oven over the fire to preheat for 3-4 minutes.
Char the ancho chili, guajillo chili, and garlic cloves in the Dutch oven for 30-45 seconds per side. Add water and let simmer for 7-8 minutes. Remove from heat.
Blend the charred chiles, garlic, chopped onion, and chipotle in adobo until smooth. Transfer to a bowl.
Season short ribs with salt, pepper, and garlic powder. Sear in the Dutch oven until browned. Add chili paste, beef broth, and braising seasonings. Simmer until beef is tender, about 3.5-4.5 hours.
Discard bones, bay leaves, and cinnamon sticks. Strain sauce to create a clean consommé. Shred the beef.
Preheat a skillet with oil and butter. Assemble the grilled cheese with bread, cheese, shredded beef, and more cheese. Cook until golden brown on both sides.
Serve grilled cheese with consommé topped with red onions and cilantro.